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Type `q()' to quit R. > dat <- read.table("/home/pauljohn/Research/DriversLicense/fatalLicenses.txt",header=T) > dat fatals licenses 1 114.0 159226 2 3.0 12076 3 84.0 157854 4 66.0 98009 5 242.0 822995 6 48.0 113097 7 40.0 109769 8 19.0 27184 9 4.0 13398 10 354.0 657698 11 162.0 201744 12 6.0 32381 13 26.0 37809 14 124.0 337621 15 113.0 183385 16 71.0 98329 17 58.0 85057 18 87.0 120086 19 71.0 124659 20 30.0 45287 21 54.0 140906 22 38.0 195762 23 148.0 303848 24 88.0 133017 25 109.0 83553 26 126.0 184988 27 28.0 30580 28 2.4 56920 29 26.0 60466 30 17.0 39056 31 86.0 264097 32 30.0 57214 33 160.0 484142 34 182.0 251597 35 9.0 21828 36 148.0 375512 37 87.0 115437 38 68.0 110625 39 178.0 437976 40 7.0 32528 41 76.0 124678 42 18.0 26347 43 130.0 189168 44 298.0 509752 45 23.0 48817 46 9.0 20824 47 110.0 186419 48 55.0 163091 49 36.0 66761 50 82.0 166662 51 12.0 16713 > plot(licenses~fatals, data=dat) > dev.copy2eps(file="olderFatals1.eps") X11 2 > plot(fatals~licenses, data=dat) > dev.copy2eps(file="olderFatals1.eps") X11 2 > plot(fatals~licenses, data=dat, main="1988 Older Driver Fatalities and Licenses across States", xlab="Licensed Older Drivers", ylab="Older Driver Fatalities") > ?x11() > ?x11 > x11(width=5.5, height=5.5, pointsize=12) > plot(fatals~licenses, data=dat, main="1988 Older Driver Fatalities and Licenses across States", xlab="Licensed Older Drivers", ylab="Older Driver Fatalities") > dev.copy2eps(file="olderFatals1.eps") X11 3 > plot(log(fatals)~log(licenses), data=dat, main="1988 Older Driver Fatalities (log) and Licenses (log) across States", xlab="log(Licensed Older Drivers)", ylab="log(Older Driver Fatalities)") > dev.copy2eps(file="olderFatals2.eps") X11 3 > logtrans(fatals ~ licenses, data=dat) Error: couldn't find function "logtrans" > library(MASS) > logtrans(fatals ~ licenses, data=dat) > dev.copy2eps(file="logtrans1.eps") X11 3 > logtrans(fatals ~ licenses, data=dat, alpha=seq(1,100,len=5)) > dev.copy2eps(file="logtrans2.eps") X11 3 > logtrans(fatals ~ licenses, data=dat, alpha=seq(1,1000,len=20)) > dev.copy2eps(file="logtrans3.eps") X11 3 > logtrans(fatals ~ licenses, data=dat, alpha=seq(1,1000,len=200)) > logtrans(fatals ~ licenses, data=dat, alpha=seq(1,1000,len=2000)) > dev.copy2eps(file="logtrans4.eps") X11 3 > vals <- logtrans(fatals ~ licenses, data=dat, alpha=seq(1,1000,len=200)) > vals $x [1] 1.0000 6.0201 11.0402 16.0603 21.0804 26.1005 31.1206 [8] 36.1407 41.1608 46.1809 51.2010 56.2211 61.2412 66.2613 [15] 71.2814 76.3015 81.3216 86.3417 91.3618 96.3819 101.4020 [22] 106.4221 111.4422 116.4623 121.4824 126.5025 131.5226 136.5427 [29] 141.5628 146.5829 151.6030 156.6231 161.6432 166.6633 171.6834 [36] 176.7035 181.7236 186.7437 191.7638 196.7839 201.8040 206.8241 [43] 211.8442 216.8643 221.8844 226.9045 231.9246 236.9447 241.9648 [50] 246.9849 252.0050 257.0251 262.0452 267.0653 272.0854 277.1055 [57] 282.1256 287.1457 292.1658 297.1859 302.2060 307.2261 312.2462 [64] 317.2663 322.2864 327.3065 332.3266 337.3467 342.3668 347.3869 [71] 352.4070 357.4271 362.4472 367.4673 372.4874 377.5075 382.5276 [78] 387.5477 392.5678 397.5879 402.6080 407.6281 412.6482 417.6683 [85] 422.6884 427.7085 432.7286 437.7487 442.7688 447.7889 452.8090 [92] 457.8291 462.8492 467.8693 472.8894 477.9095 482.9296 487.9497 [99] 492.9698 497.9899 503.0101 508.0302 513.0503 518.0704 523.0905 [106] 528.1106 533.1307 538.1508 543.1709 548.1910 553.2111 558.2312 [113] 563.2513 568.2714 573.2915 578.3116 583.3317 588.3518 593.3719 [120] 598.3920 603.4121 608.4322 613.4523 618.4724 623.4925 628.5126 [127] 633.5327 638.5528 643.5729 648.5930 653.6131 658.6332 663.6533 [134] 668.6734 673.6935 678.7136 683.7337 688.7538 693.7739 698.7940 [141] 703.8141 708.8342 713.8543 718.8744 723.8945 728.9146 733.9347 [148] 738.9548 743.9749 748.9950 754.0151 759.0352 764.0553 769.0754 [155] 774.0955 779.1156 784.1357 789.1558 794.1759 799.1960 804.2161 [162] 809.2362 814.2563 819.2764 824.2965 829.3166 834.3367 839.3568 [169] 844.3769 849.3970 854.4171 859.4372 864.4573 869.4774 874.4975 [176] 879.5176 884.5377 889.5578 894.5779 899.5980 904.6181 909.6382 [183] 914.6583 919.6784 924.6985 929.7186 934.7387 939.7588 944.7789 [190] 949.7990 954.8191 959.8392 964.8593 969.8794 974.8995 979.9196 [197] 984.9397 989.9598 994.9799 1000.0000 $y [1] -287.3863 -283.6483 -281.7145 -280.4428 -279.5180 -278.8064 -278.2384 [8] -277.7735 -277.3860 -277.0585 -276.7788 -276.5378 -276.3290 -276.1469 [15] -275.9876 -275.8477 -275.7246 -275.6160 -275.5201 -275.4354 -275.3606 [22] -275.2945 -275.2362 -275.1849 -275.1398 -275.1002 -275.0658 -275.0358 [29] -275.0099 -274.9878 -274.9690 -274.9533 -274.9404 -274.9300 -274.9219 [36] -274.9160 -274.9119 -274.9096 -274.9090 -274.9098 -274.9119 -274.9153 [43] -274.9198 -274.9253 -274.9318 -274.9392 -274.9473 -274.9562 -274.9657 [50] -274.9758 -274.9865 -274.9977 -275.0094 -275.0215 -275.0339 -275.0467 [57] -275.0598 -275.0732 -275.0869 -275.1007 -275.1148 -275.1291 -275.1435 [64] -275.1581 -275.1728 -275.1876 -275.2025 -275.2175 -275.2325 -275.2476 [71] -275.2627 -275.2779 -275.2931 -275.3083 -275.3235 -275.3387 -275.3539 [78] -275.3691 -275.3843 -275.3994 -275.4145 -275.4296 -275.4446 -275.4595 [85] -275.4744 -275.4893 -275.5041 -275.5188 -275.5335 -275.5481 -275.5626 [92] -275.5771 -275.5915 -275.6058 -275.6200 -275.6342 -275.6482 -275.6622 [99] -275.6762 -275.6900 -275.7037 -275.7174 -275.7310 -275.7444 -275.7578 [106] -275.7712 -275.7844 -275.7975 -275.8106 -275.8235 -275.8364 -275.8492 [113] -275.8619 -275.8745 -275.8870 -275.8995 -275.9118 -275.9241 -275.9363 [120] -275.9484 -275.9604 -275.9723 -275.9841 -275.9959 -276.0075 -276.0191 [127] -276.0306 -276.0420 -276.0534 -276.0646 -276.0758 -276.0869 -276.0979 [134] -276.1088 -276.1196 -276.1304 -276.1411 -276.1517 -276.1622 -276.1727 [141] -276.1831 -276.1934 -276.2036 -276.2138 -276.2238 -276.2338 -276.2438 [148] -276.2536 -276.2634 -276.2732 -276.2828 -276.2924 -276.3019 -276.3113 [155] -276.3207 -276.3300 -276.3393 -276.3484 -276.3576 -276.3666 -276.3756 [162] -276.3845 -276.3934 -276.4021 -276.4109 -276.4195 -276.4281 -276.4367 [169] -276.4452 -276.4536 -276.4620 -276.4703 -276.4785 -276.4867 -276.4949 [176] -276.5029 -276.5110 -276.5189 -276.5268 -276.5347 -276.5425 -276.5503 [183] -276.5580 -276.5656 -276.5732 -276.5808 -276.5882 -276.5957 -276.6031 [190] -276.6104 -276.6177 -276.6250 -276.6322 -276.6393 -276.6464 -276.6535 [197] -276.6605 -276.6674 -276.6744 -276.6812 > #so 191 is optimal > plot(log(fatals+191.0)~log(licenses), data=dat, main="1988 Older Driver Fatalities (shifted log) and Licenses (log) across States", xlab="log(Licensed Older Drivers+191.0)", ylab="log(Older Driver Fatalities)") > dev.copy2eps(file="olderFatals3.eps") X11 3 > boxcox((fatals+191) ~ licenses, plotit=T) Error in eval(expr, envir, enclos) : Object "fatals" not found > boxcox((fatals+191) ~ licenses, data=dat, plotit=T) > boxcox((fatals+191) ~ licenses, data=dat, plotit=T) > dev.copy2eps(file="boxcox.eps") X11 3 > boxcox((fatals) ~ licenses, data=dat, plotit=T) > dev.copy2eps(file="boxcox1.eps") X11 3 > ?boxcox > boxcox((fatals+191) ~ licenses, data=dat, plotit=T, xlab="lambda when alpha=191") > dev.copy2eps(file="boxcox2.eps") X11 3 > summary(lm (fatals~licenses, data=dat)) Call: lm(formula = fatals ~ licenses, data = dat) Residuals: Min 1Q Median 3Q Max -101.94 -17.94 -7.15 16.90 78.65 Coefficients: Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) 1.660e+01 6.599e+00 2.515 0.0152 * licenses 3.977e-04 2.820e-05 14.106 <2e-16 *** --- Signif. codes: 0 `***' 0.001 `**' 0.01 `*' 0.05 `.' 0.1 ` ' 1 Residual standard error: 33.72 on 49 degrees of freedom Multiple R-Squared: 0.8024, Adjusted R-squared: 0.7984 F-statistic: 199 on 1 and 49 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16 > ?logtrans > vals <- logtrans(fatals ~ log(licenses), data=dat, alpha=seq(1,1000,len=200)) > dev.copy2eps(file="logtrans1.eps") X11 3 > vals $x [1] 1.0000 6.0201 11.0402 16.0603 21.0804 26.1005 31.1206 [8] 36.1407 41.1608 46.1809 51.2010 56.2211 61.2412 66.2613 [15] 71.2814 76.3015 81.3216 86.3417 91.3618 96.3819 101.4020 [22] 106.4221 111.4422 116.4623 121.4824 126.5025 131.5226 136.5427 [29] 141.5628 146.5829 151.6030 156.6231 161.6432 166.6633 171.6834 [36] 176.7035 181.7236 186.7437 191.7638 196.7839 201.8040 206.8241 [43] 211.8442 216.8643 221.8844 226.9045 231.9246 236.9447 241.9648 [50] 246.9849 252.0050 257.0251 262.0452 267.0653 272.0854 277.1055 [57] 282.1256 287.1457 292.1658 297.1859 302.2060 307.2261 312.2462 [64] 317.2663 322.2864 327.3065 332.3266 337.3467 342.3668 347.3869 [71] 352.4070 357.4271 362.4472 367.4673 372.4874 377.5075 382.5276 [78] 387.5477 392.5678 397.5879 402.6080 407.6281 412.6482 417.6683 [85] 422.6884 427.7085 432.7286 437.7487 442.7688 447.7889 452.8090 [92] 457.8291 462.8492 467.8693 472.8894 477.9095 482.9296 487.9497 [99] 492.9698 497.9899 503.0101 508.0302 513.0503 518.0704 523.0905 [106] 528.1106 533.1307 538.1508 543.1709 548.1910 553.2111 558.2312 [113] 563.2513 568.2714 573.2915 578.3116 583.3317 588.3518 593.3719 [120] 598.3920 603.4121 608.4322 613.4523 618.4724 623.4925 628.5126 [127] 633.5327 638.5528 643.5729 648.5930 653.6131 658.6332 663.6533 [134] 668.6734 673.6935 678.7136 683.7337 688.7538 693.7739 698.7940 [141] 703.8141 708.8342 713.8543 718.8744 723.8945 728.9146 733.9347 [148] 738.9548 743.9749 748.9950 754.0151 759.0352 764.0553 769.0754 [155] 774.0955 779.1156 784.1357 789.1558 794.1759 799.1960 804.2161 [162] 809.2362 814.2563 819.2764 824.2965 829.3166 834.3367 839.3568 [169] 844.3769 849.3970 854.4171 859.4372 864.4573 869.4774 874.4975 [176] 879.5176 884.5377 889.5578 894.5779 899.5980 904.6181 909.6382 [183] 914.6583 919.6784 924.6985 929.7186 934.7387 939.7588 944.7789 [190] 949.7990 954.8191 959.8392 964.8593 969.8794 974.8995 979.9196 [197] 984.9397 989.9598 994.9799 1000.0000 $y [1] -263.2079 -258.0997 -256.6620 -256.4128 -256.6735 -257.1749 -257.7912 [8] -258.4586 -259.1425 -259.8240 -260.4923 -261.1418 -261.7692 -262.3733 [15] -262.9539 -263.5110 -264.0455 -264.5581 -265.0499 -265.5217 -265.9747 [22] -266.4097 -266.8278 -267.2299 -267.6168 -267.9893 -268.3482 -268.6942 [29] -269.0281 -269.3503 -269.6616 -269.9624 -270.2534 -270.5349 -270.8074 [36] -271.0715 -271.3273 -271.5755 -271.8162 -272.0498 -272.2767 -272.4971 [43] -272.7113 -272.9196 -273.1222 -273.3194 -273.5113 -273.6983 -273.8804 [50] -274.0579 -274.2309 -274.3997 -274.5643 -274.7250 -274.8818 -275.0350 [57] -275.1846 -275.3307 -275.4736 -275.6132 -275.7498 -275.8834 -276.0141 [64] -276.1420 -276.2672 -276.3897 -276.5098 -276.6274 -276.7426 -276.8555 [71] -276.9661 -277.0746 -277.1810 -277.2854 -277.3877 -277.4881 -277.5867 [78] -277.6834 -277.7784 -277.8717 -277.9632 -278.0532 -278.1415 -278.2283 [85] -278.3137 -278.3975 -278.4799 -278.5610 -278.6407 -278.7190 -278.7961 [92] -278.8719 -278.9465 -279.0199 -279.0922 -279.1633 -279.2333 -279.3022 [99] -279.3700 -279.4369 -279.5027 -279.5675 -279.6313 -279.6943 -279.7562 [106] -279.8173 -279.8775 -279.9369 -279.9954 -280.0530 -280.1099 -280.1660 [113] -280.2212 -280.2758 -280.3296 -280.3826 -280.4350 -280.4866 -280.5376 [120] -280.5879 -280.6375 -280.6865 -280.7348 -280.7826 -280.8297 -280.8762 [127] -280.9222 -280.9675 -281.0123 -281.0566 -281.1003 -281.1435 -281.1861 [134] -281.2283 -281.2699 -281.3111 -281.3517 -281.3919 -281.4316 -281.4709 [141] -281.5097 -281.5480 -281.5859 -281.6234 -281.6605 -281.6971 -281.7333 [148] -281.7692 -281.8046 -281.8397 -281.8743 -281.9086 -281.9426 -281.9761 [155] -282.0093 -282.0422 -282.0747 -282.1069 -282.1387 -282.1702 -282.2014 [162] -282.2322 -282.2627 -282.2930 -282.3229 -282.3525 -282.3818 -282.4109 [169] -282.4396 -282.4681 -282.4963 -282.5242 -282.5518 -282.5792 -282.6063 [176] -282.6331 -282.6597 -282.6860 -282.7121 -282.7380 -282.7636 -282.7889 [183] -282.8141 -282.8390 -282.8637 -282.8881 -282.9123 -282.9363 -282.9601 [190] -282.9837 -283.0071 -283.0302 -283.0532 -283.0759 -283.0985 -283.1208 [197] -283.1430 -283.1649 -283.1867 -283.2083 > boxcox((fatals+21) ~ licenses, data=dat, plotit=T) > plot(log(fatals+21.0)~log(licenses), data=dat, main="1988 Older Driver Fatalities (shifted log) and Licenses (log) across States", xlab="log(Licensed Older Drivers+21.0)", ylab="log(Older Driver Fatalities)") > postscript() > plot(log(fatals+21.0)~log(licenses), data=dat, main="1988 Older Driver Fatalities (shifted log) and Licenses (log) across States", xlab="log(Licensed Older Drivers+21.0)", ylab="log(Older Driver Fatalities)") > dev.off() X11 2 > postscript(width=5.5,height=5.5) > plot(log(fatals+21.0)~log(licenses), data=dat, main="1988 Older Driver Fatalities (shifted log) and Licenses (log) across States", xlab="log(Licensed Older Drivers+21.0)", ylab="log(Older Driver Fatalities)") > dev.off() X11 2 > postscript(width=5.5,height=5.5) > plot(log(fatals+21.0)~log(licenses), data=dat, main="1988 Older Driver Fatalities (shifted log) \n and Licenses (log) across States", xlab="log(Licensed Older Drivers+21.0)", ylab="log(Older Driver Fatalities)") > dev.off() X11 2 > summary(lm (log(fatals+21)~log(licenses), data=dat)) Call: lm(formula = log(fatals + 21) ~ log(licenses), data = dat) Residuals: Min 1Q Median 3Q Max -0.86667 -0.14693 0.04505 0.15089 0.60311 Coefficients: Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) -2.97012 0.43089 -6.893 9.72e-09 *** log(licenses) 0.63835 0.03723 17.147 < 2e-16 *** --- Signif. codes: 0 `***' 0.001 `**' 0.01 `*' 0.05 `.' 0.1 ` ' 1 Residual standard error: 0.2719 on 49 degrees of freedom Multiple R-Squared: 0.8571, Adjusted R-squared: 0.8542 F-statistic: 294 on 1 and 49 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16 > postscript(file="olderFatals4.eps", width=5.5,height=5.5) > ?postscript > dev.off() X11 2 > postscript(file="olderFatals4.eps", width=5.5,height=5.5,onrfile=T) Error in check.options(new = new, name.opt = ".PostScript.Options", reset = FALSE, : invalid argument name(s) `onrfile' in "postscript(file = "olderFatals4.eps", width = 5.5, height = 5.5, " > postscript(file="olderFatals4.eps", width=5.5,height=5.5,onefile=T) > plot(log(fatals+21.0)~log(licenses), data=dat, main="1988 Older Driver Fatalities (shifted log) \n and Licenses (log) across States", xlab="log(Licensed Older Drivers+21.0)", ylab="log(Older Driver Fatalities)") > dev.off() X11 2 > postscript(file="olderFatals4.eps", width=5.5,height=5.5,onefile=F) > plot(log(fatals+21.0)~log(licenses), data=dat, main="1988 Older Driver Fatalities (shifted log) \n and Licenses (log) across States", xlab="log(Licensed Older Drivers+21.0)", ylab="log(Older Driver Fatalities)") > dev.off() X11 2 > ?boxcox > boxcox((fatals+21) ~ licenses, data=dat, plotit=T,xlab="lambda when alpha=21.0") > dev.copy2eps(file="boxcox3.eps") X11 2 > boxcox((fatals+21) ~ licenses, data=dat, plotit=T,xlab="lambda when alpha=21.0", lambda=seq(-1,2, length=30) + ) > boxcox((fatals+21) ~ licenses, data=dat, plotit=T,xlab="lambda when alpha=21.0", lambda=seq(-1,2, length=100) + ) > boxcox((fatals+21) ~ licenses, data=dat, plotit=T,xlab="lambda when alpha=21.0", lambda=seq(-1,2, length=1000)) > postscript(file="boxcox3.eps", width=5.5,height=5.5,onefile=T) > boxcox((fatals+21) ~ licenses, data=dat, plotit=T,xlab="lambda when alpha=21.0", lambda=seq(-1,2, length=1000)) > dev.off function (which = dev.cur()) { if (which == 1) stop("Cannot shut down device 1 (the null device)") if (exists(".Devices")) { .Devices <- get(".Devices") } else { .Devices <- list("null device") } .Devices[[which]] <- "" assign(".Devices", .Devices) .Internal(dev.off(as.integer(which))) assign(".Device", .Devices[[dev.cur()]]) dev.cur() } > dev.off() X11 2 > boxcox((fatals+21) ~ licenses, data=dat, plotit=T,xlab="lambda when alpha=21.0", lambda=seq(-1,2, length=1000),horizontal=F) Warning message: Extra arguments F are just disregarded. in: lm.fit(x, y, offset = offset, ...) > postscript(file="boxcox3.eps", width=5.5,height=5.5,onefile=T,horizontal=F) > boxcox((fatals+21) ~ licenses, data=dat, plotit=T,xlab="lambda when alpha=21.0", lambda=seq(-1,2, length=1000)) > dev.off() X11 2 > postscript(file="boxcox3.eps", width=5.5,height=5.5,onefile=F,horizontal=F) > boxcox((fatals+21) ~ licenses, data=dat, plotit=T,xlab="lambda when alpha=21.0", lambda=seq(-1,2, length=1000)) > dev.off() X11 2 > plot(sqrt(fatals+21.0)~log(licenses), data=dat, main="1988 Older Driver Fatalities (shifted log) \n and Licenses (log) across States", xlab="log(Licensed Older Drivers+21.0)", ylab="sqrt(Older Driver Fatalities+21)") > plot(sqrt(fatals+21.0)~(licenses), data=dat, main="1988 Older Driver Fatalities (shifted log) \n and Licenses (log) across States", xlab="log(Licensed Older Drivers+21.0)", ylab="sqrt(Older Driver Fatalities+21)") > plot(sqrt(0.5(fatals+20.5))~(licenses), data=dat, main="1988 Older Driver Fatalities (shifted log) \n and Licenses (log) across States", xlab="log(Licensed Older Drivers+21.0)", ylab="sqrt(Older Driver Fatalities+21)") Error in eval(expr, envir, enclos) : attempt to apply non-function > plot(sqrt(0.5*(fatals+20.5))~(licenses), data=dat, main="1988 Older Driver Fatalities (shifted log) \n and Licenses (log) across States", xlab="log(Licensed Older Drivers+21.0)", ylab="sqrt(Older Driver Fatalities+21)") > plot(sqrt(0.5*(fatals+20.5))~log(licenses), data=dat, main="1988 Older Driver Fatalities (shifted log) \n and Licenses (log) across States", xlab="log(Licensed Older Drivers+21.0)", ylab="sqrt(Older Driver Fatalities+21)") > postscript(file="olderBoxResult.eps", width=5.5,height=5.5,onefile=F,horizontal=F) > plot(sqrt(0.5*(fatals+20.5))~log(licenses), data=dat, main="1988 Older Driver Fatalities (shifted log) \n and Licenses (log) across States", xlab="log(Licensed Older Drivers+21.0)", ylab="sqrt(Older Driver Fatalities+21)") > dev.off() X11 2 > plot(sqrt(2*(fatals+20.5))~log(licenses), data=dat, main="1988 Older Driver Fatalities (shifted log) \n and Licenses (log) across States", xlab="log(Licensed Older Drivers+21.0)", ylab="sqrt(Older Driver Fatalities+21)") > postscript(file="olderBoxResult.eps", width=5.5,height=5.5,onefile=F,horizontal=F) > plot(sqrt(2*(fatals+20.5))~log(licenses), data=dat, main="1988 Older Driver Fatalities (shifted log) \n and Licenses (log) across States", xlab="log(Licensed Older Drivers+21.0)", ylab="sqrt(Older Driver Fatalities+21)") > dev.off() X11 2 > postscript(file="olderBoxResult.eps", width=5.5,height=5.5,onefile=F,horizontal=F) > plot(sqrt(2*(fatals+20.5))~log(licenses), data=dat, main="1988 Older Driver Fatalities (boxcox) \n and Licenses (log) across States", xlab="log(Licensed Older Drivers)", ylab="2*sqrt(Older Driver Fatalities+20.5)") > dev.off() X11 2 >